Fat-free mass and maturity status are determinants of physical fitness performance in schoolchildren and adolescents

Abstract Objectives: The objective of the study was to verify whether (FFM), maturity status (MS) and chronological age (CA) are determinants of physical fitness performance, and to analyze FFM and physical performance aligned by CA and MS in children and adolescents. Methods: A descriptive correlational study was carried out in 863 schoolchildren. Weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated. Body mass index (BMI), FFM, fat mass (FM), MS (Age at peak height velocity, APHV) were calculated. The physical tests of velocity 20 m, agility 5 m × 10rep, and horizontal jump (HJ) were evaluated. Results: The APHV was estimated in boys at 14.0 ± 0.36APHV and in girls at 11.96 ± 0.49APHV. The relationships between CA and APHV with FFM was r = 0.80 in boys and r = 0.44 to 0.45 in girls. The relationships between FFM and physical tests in boys were [HJ (r = 0.70), agility 5m × 10rep (r = -0.68), velocity (r = -0.61)] and in girls [HJ (r = 0.42), agility 5m × 10rep (r = -0.52), velocity (r = -0.20)]. The differences in FFM and physical fitness tests were more pronounced when aligned by APHV than by CA. Conclusion: It was verified that both FFM, CA, and APHV are determinants of physical fitness performance. In addition, the APHV should be introduced in physical education as a means of ranking physical performance among schoolchildren.

Correlation between body composition data obtained by DXA and skinfold predictive protocols in sprinters / Correlação entre dados de composição corporal obtidos pelo DXA e protocolos preditivos de dobras cutâneas em velocistas

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the correlation between body composition data obtained through DXA and through skinfolds strategy, with some of their respective formulas, in sprinters. The sample consisted of 15 male sprinters (23.81 years ± 3.11; 70.06 Kg ± 4.38; and 179.13 CM ± 5.16) all high performance runners of speed and barriers events (100m, 200m, 400m, 110m with barriers and 400m with barriers). The athletes were submitted to DXA evaluation procedure and to skinfolds collection (triceps, biceps, subscapular, supra iliac, abdominal, medial thigh and calf) and the results were calculated through four distinct equations: Slaughter, Faulkner, Lázari and Boileau. The respective DXA correlations (0.60; 0.81; 0.23 and 0.48) and the equations predicted by skinfold strategy were calculated using Pearson correlation. Among the equations used, Faulkner's was the one presenting highest correlation value when compared to DXA protocol, although all of them aimed to estimate values for BF%.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a correlação entre dados de composição corporal obtidos através de DEXA, e pela estratégia de dobras cutâneas, com algumas de suas respectivas fórmulas, em velocistas. A amostra foi composta por 15 velocistas do sexo masculino (23,81 anos ± 3,11; 70,06 Kg ± 4,38; e 179,13 cm ± 5,16) todos corredores de alto desempenho das provas de velocidade e barreiras (100m, 200m, 400m, 110m com barreiras e 400m com barreiras). Os atletas foram submetidos ao procedimento de avaliação do DEXA e a coleta de dobras cutâneas (tricipital, bicipital, subescapular, supra ilíaca, abdominal, coxa medial e panturrilha) e os resultados calculados através de quatros distintas equações Slaughter, Faulkner, Lázari e Boileau. As respectivas correlações (0,60; 0,81; 0,23 e 0,48) de DEXA e as equações previstas pela estratégia de dobras cutâneas foram calculadas através da correlação de Pearson. Dentre as equações utilizadas, a de Faulkner foi a que apresentou maior valor de correlação quando comparada ao protocolo do DEXA, apesar de todas terem por objetivo estimar valores para o %G.

Evaluación de los trastornos del sueño y propuesta de percentiles para los adolescentes / Assessment of sleep disorders and proposed percentiles for adolescents

Objetivos. Los objetivos del estudio fueron los siguientes: a) construir un instrumento válido y confiable que evaluara, por autoinforme, los trastornos del sueño en adolescentes escolares chilenos y b) desarrollar valores percentílicos según la edad y el sexo. Metodología. Se efectuó un estudio de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal en 2310 adolescentes escolares de la Región del Maule, Chile. Se construyó el autoinforme de trastornos del sueño considerando cinco categorías (duración, alteraciones, problemas en la respiración, fatiga y uso de estimulantes). Se validó por medio del análisis factorial confirmatorio. La fiabilidad se evaluó por la consistencia interna. Se crearon percentiles a través del método LMS (L: asimetría, M: mediana y S: coeficiente de variación). Resultados. Las preguntas 3, 9 y 12 presentaron saturaciones inferiores a 0,40, y las demás preguntas reflejaron saturaciones superiores a 0,41. El valor de adecuación Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin fue 0,749 y la prueba de esfericidad de X2= 4790,09; el porcentaje de la varianza explicó el 62,1 %. El alfa de Cronbach mostró valores entre 0,71 y 0,76. Conclusión. El autoinforme desarrollado para medir los trastornos del sueño en los adolescentes puede ser aplicado de forma válida y confiable en programas de ciencias de la salud, de la educación y del deporte. Se sugiere el uso de percentiles para identificar los patrones normales y/o trastornos del sueño por edad y género.

Objectives. The objectives of this study included: a) to develop a valid and reliable self-reporting instrument to assess sleep disorders among Chilean adolescent students and b) to develop percentiles for age and sex. Methodology. This was a descriptive, crosssectional study in 2310 adolescent students conducted in the Maule Region, Chile. The sleep disorder self-report was developed considering five categories: duration, alterations, breathing problems, fatigue, and stimulant use. The instrument was validated using a confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was assessed based on internal consistency. Percentiles were developed using the LMS method (L: lambda, asymmetry; M: mu, median; S: sigma, coefficient of variation). Results. Questions 3, 9, and 12 showed saturation values below 0.40, while the rest had saturation values above 0.41. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of adequacy was 0.749 and the test of sphericity X2 was 4790.09; the percentage of variance accounted for 62.1%. Cronbach's alpha ranged between 0.71 and 0.76. Conclusion. The self-report developed to measure sleep disorders in adolescents is valid and reliable for its use in health, education, and sports science programs. Percentiles should be used to identify normal patterns and/or sleep disorders by sex and age.

Parámetros del crecimiento físico de niños que viven a moderada altitud / Parameters of physical growth of children living at moderate altitude

El desarrollo del crecimiento físico depende del bagaje genético, nutricional, nivel socio-económico, enfermedades, influencias ambientales, tendencia secular, actividad física y el nivel de altitud. Objetivo: Determinar los parámetros del crecimiento físico de niños que viven a moderada altitud en función del género y en relación a los patrones referenciales del CDC y NHANAS-USA. Material y métodos: Fueron seleccionados 795 niños de condición socioeconómica media de manera probabilística (estratificado), siendo 394 varones y 401 damas de escuelas públicas del área urbana de la ciudad de Arequipa-Perú (2320 msnm). Se evaluaron las variables antropométricas peso corporal (kg), estatura (m), pliegue tricipital (mm) y circunferencia del brazo relajado (cm). Resultados: Se encontró valores similares en el peso corporal (p>0,005) y valores inferiores en estatura (p<0,005) en niños de ambos géneros en relación con la referencia del CDC. En el pliegue tricipital, se observó valores relativamente similares en ambos géneros, al comparar con la referencia del National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)-USA. Los valores de la circunferencia del brazo según percentiles fue menor en ambos géneros en comparación con la referencia NHANES-USA. Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren atraso en el crecimiento lineal que podría estar relacionada con la altitud y con una pobre reserva de proteína observada en la circunferencia del brazo.

The development of physical growth depends on genetic background, nutritional, socioeconomic conditions, environmental, secular trend, physical activity and level of altitude. Objective: To determine the parameters of physical growth of children living at moderate altitude according gender and compared with reference patterns CDC and NHANAS-USA. Methods: We selected 795 children from socio-economic status mean, by probabilistic sampling (stratified); 394 males and 401 women from public school of urban area of Arequipa city, Peru (2320msnm). We evaluated body weight (kg), height (m), triceps skinfold (mm) and relaxed arm circumference (cm). Results: We found similar values of body weight (p> 0.005) and lower values of stature (p <0.005) in both genders when compared with CDC reference. In the triceps skinfold, there was similar values in both genders when compared with the reference National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)-USA. Values of arm circumference was lower in both gender in comparison with reference NHANES-USA. Conclusions: The results suggest delay in linear growth may be related to altitude and with poor reserves of protein observed in arm circumference.